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☀ Solar Education Centre

Everything You Need to Know
About Going Solar

No jargon. No confusing charts. Just plain explanations of how solar works, what the government offers, and why it's one of the smartest decisions a Mumbai home or business can make today.

⚡ How Solar Works 🏠 Types of Systems 🏛 Govt Subsidies 🔄 Net Metering 💰 Benefits ❓ FAQs 📖 Glossary
Step by Step

How Does Solar Power Actually Work?

Think of your solar system like a mini power plant on your roof — one that runs on sunlight and never charges you a fuel bill. Here's the whole journey from sun to socket.

1
☀️

Sunlight hits the panels

Solar panels (made of silicon cells) absorb sunlight. Mumbai gets an average of 5–6 sunny hours a day — one of the best in India.

2

Panels create DC electricity

The panels produce "direct current" (DC) electricity — the same kind your phone runs on. This flows down cables to your inverter.

3
🔄

Inverter converts to AC

The inverter (a box usually on your wall) converts DC into "alternating current" (AC) — the electricity your home appliances use.

4
🏠

Powers your home

This AC power flows to your main switchboard and powers everything — fans, ACs, TVs, everything — exactly like grid electricity.

💡
What happens when the sun goes down?

With a grid-tied system (most common), you automatically switch to MSEDCL/Adani grid power at night — seamlessly, no interruption. Any surplus solar you sent to the grid during the day earns you credits on your bill (net metering). With a battery system, you store daytime power and use it at night too.

Still confused? Think of it this way.

🌊

Solar panel = Water tank on your terrace

Just like a terrace water tank collects rainwater so you don't need to rely 100% on the municipal supply — your solar panels collect sunlight so you don't need to rely 100% on the electricity board.

📱

Net metering = Phone recharge plan

When your solar generates more than you use, it's like getting a recharge on your phone plan. That credit is used later when the grid draws power at night — so you never lose what you generate.

🏦

Solar investment = Fixed deposit

You pay once upfront. Then for 25 years the system earns you savings every single month — like an FD that pays monthly returns. Most systems pay back their full cost in 4–6 years, then it's free energy.

🛒

Buying solar = Buying your own electricity shop

Instead of buying electricity from the grid at ₹9–11/unit every month forever, you buy a system that makes your own electricity at effectively ₹0/unit for the next 25 years.

Which System is Right for You?

3 Types of Solar Systems

All three use the same solar panels — what differs is what happens to the electricity and how your home handles power outages.

🔌

Grid-Tied System

Most popular · No battery

  • Connected to the MSEDCL / Adani grid at all times
  • Earns net metering credits for surplus power
  • Lowest cost — no expensive batteries needed
  • Eligible for all government subsidies
  • Powers off during a grid failure (safety requirement)
✓ Subsidy eligible

Best for: Apartments, homes & offices with stable grid supply

🔋

Hybrid System

Grid + Battery backup

  • Stores excess solar in a lithium battery
  • Powers your home during load shedding / outages
  • Also earns net metering credits
  • Higher upfront cost due to battery
  • Battery lasts 10–15 years, replaceable
⚡ With backup power

Best for: Areas with frequent load shedding or outage-sensitive homes

🏕️

Off-Grid System

Fully independent

  • Completely independent of the electricity board
  • Requires large battery bank to store power
  • No electricity bill at all — ever
  • Higher cost, more maintenance
  • No net metering (not connected to grid)
🏕 Fully independent

Best for: Farmhouses, remote locations, areas with no grid connection

👍 Our recommendation for most Mumbai customers:

Start with a Grid-Tied system — it's the most cost-effective, fully subsidy-eligible, and covers 80–100% of your bill. If you want backup power, add a small battery to a Hybrid system. Very few Mumbai customers need Off-Grid.

Government Policies 2025

Subsidies & Government Support

The Indian government is actively pushing solar adoption. As a result, residential customers can get up to ₹88,000 off their installation cost — before any savings even begin.

🏛 PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana

India's biggest residential solar scheme. Launched in 2024, offering direct cash subsidies to homeowners installing rooftop solar up to 3 kW.

Up to ₹78,000
Central government direct benefit transfer

🟡 Maharashtra State Subsidy

Maharashtra government offers an additional flat subsidy on top of the central scheme for residential rooftop solar installations.

₹10,000
Additional state government benefit
System SizeCentral Subsidy (PM Surya Ghar)Maharashtra StateTotal Benefit
Up to 1 kW₹30,000₹10,000₹40,000
1 kW – 2 kW₹30,000₹10,000₹40,000
2 kW – 3 kW₹60,000₹10,000₹70,000
3 kW and above₹78,000 (capped)₹10,000₹88,000
Commercial / IndustrialNot eligibleNot eligible

📋 Who is eligible?

Indian residential property owner
Valid electricity connection (MSEDCL / Adani)
No previous solar subsidy availed
MNRE-approved vendor & panels used
System registered on national portal
Net metering applied within 30 days

How to apply — we handle all of this for you:

1

Register on PM Surya Ghar portal

We register your system on the pmsuryaghar.gov.in portal using your consumer number and Aadhaar. Takes 15 minutes.

2

Get feasibility approval from MSEDCL / Adani

Your electricity provider approves the connection. We file this on your behalf within 7 days of installation.

3

Installation by MNRE-empanelled vendor

Shashwat Solar Energy is empanelled. Your system must be from an approved vendor list — ours is.

4

Net metering installation

A bidirectional meter is installed by the utility. We coordinate and follow up with MSEDCL / Adani on your behalf.

5

Subsidy credited to your bank account

After commissioning report is submitted and approved, the subsidy amount is transferred via DBT (Direct Benefit Transfer) — typically within 30 days.

⚠️ Important: Subsidies apply only to the first 3 kW for residential. Larger systems above 3 kW get the same ₹78,000 cap. The subsidy is not applicable for commercial, industrial or society connections under the current policy (FY 2025–26). Policies are subject to change — we advise acting soon.
Your Biggest Financial Tool

What is Net Metering?

Net metering is the policy that lets you "sell" surplus solar electricity back to the grid — and offset it against what you draw at night. It's the reason grid-tied solar is so financially powerful.

☀️
Your Solar Panels
Generating power
🏠
Your Home
Uses solar first
SURPLUS → ← NIGHT USE
🔄
Bidirectional Meter
Counts both ways
🏭
MSEDCL / Adani Grid
Your virtual battery

☀️ During the day (solar ON)

Your panels generate electricity. Your home uses it first. Any surplus (e.g. when you're at work and ACs are off) is exported to the grid. The meter runs backwards — logging a credit.

🌙 At night (solar OFF)

You draw from the MSEDCL / Adani grid as normal. But your bill only charges you for the net units — grid consumed minus solar exported. Many customers bring bills to ₹0–₹200.

Real example: A family in Andheri with a 5 kW system generates ~600 units/month. They use 350 units at home and export 250. At night they import 150 units from the grid. Their bill = 150 – 250 = –100 units → ₹0 bill + 100 units credit carried forward to next month. ✅
Why Go Solar

The Real Benefits of Solar

Beyond just saving money — going solar has a ripple effect on your finances, your property, and the environment.

💰

Massive bill savings

Most Mumbai homeowners reduce their electricity bill by 70–100%. A typical 3 kW system saves ₹25,000–₹35,000 per year.

₹3–4 Lakh saved over 10 years
📈

Excellent return on investment

Solar has a payback period of 4–6 years in Mumbai, after which it's free energy for 20+ more years. That's a 15–20% annual return.

4–6 year payback
🏠

Increases property value

Studies show solar-equipped homes sell faster and at a premium. A solar system is listed as an asset when selling or renting your property.

+5–10% property value
🔒

Protection from rising tariffs

MSEDCL electricity tariffs have risen 5–8% every year. Once you go solar, you're insulated from future hikes — your "fuel" is free sunlight.

₹0 fuel cost for 25 years
🌿

Environmental impact

A 5 kW system offsets ~4–5 tonnes of CO₂ per year — equivalent to planting 200 trees annually. Mumbai's solar potential is among India's highest.

~100T CO₂ saved over 25 yrs

Energy independence

With a hybrid system, load shedding becomes a non-issue. Your lights, fans and essentials keep running even when the grid goes down.

No more power cuts (hybrid)
Common Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

Real questions from Mumbai homeowners — answered simply.

Does solar work during monsoon / cloudy days?
Yes — solar panels generate electricity even on cloudy days, just at reduced efficiency (typically 20–50% of peak output). Mumbai's monsoon (June–September) does reduce generation, but the remaining 8 months more than compensate. Your annual average is still very strong. Most systems are sized to account for this seasonal variation.
Do I need to own the flat / house to install solar?
For individual rooftop systems, yes — you generally need to own the terrace or have written permission from the housing society. In Mumbai, many housing societies are installing shared systems (society solar) where the cost and savings are distributed among all residents. We can guide societies through this process too.
How much rooftop space do I actually need?
A rough rule: 100 sq ft per kW of solar capacity. So a 3 kW system needs ~300 sq ft of shadow-free rooftop. A 5 kW system needs ~500 sq ft. The roof should ideally face south or west and have no major shading from water tanks, trees or neighbouring buildings between 9am and 4pm.
What maintenance does a solar system need?
Very little. Panels are self-cleaning in the rain, but benefit from a manual wash every 2–3 months in Mumbai's dusty / pollution-heavy air. The inverter should be checked annually. We offer Annual Maintenance Contracts (AMC) at ₹3,500/year covering two professional visits, cleaning and inspection. Panels degrade only 0.5% per year and typically last 25–30 years.
How long does installation take?
The physical installation — panels, inverter, wiring — takes 1–2 days for most residential systems. The paperwork (net metering application, MSEDCL / Adani approval) takes 30–90 days. We handle all of this. Your system can be switched on immediately after installation; net metering is activated once approved.
What happens if my solar produces more than I consume?
Excess units are exported to the grid and credited on your electricity bill at the net metering rate set by MSEDCL / Adani (currently ₹2–3.50 per unit for residential in Maharashtra). These credits roll forward month to month and are settled at year-end. You'll never "lose" the surplus you generate.
Is solar safe? Can panels catch fire?
Solar panels from reputable manufacturers (Waaree, Adani Solar, etc.) are extremely safe and fire-resistant. All systems include DC isolators, AC circuit breakers, earthing and lightning protection as standard. Proper installation by certified professionals (like our team) ensures there are no electrical hazards. Panels are also certified to withstand winds up to 130–150 km/h.
Can I get a loan or EMI for solar?
Yes. Several banks — SBI, Bank of Baroda, Canara Bank and private lenders — offer dedicated solar loans at 7–10% interest under the PM Surya Ghar scheme. Many offer zero-cost EMI for 3–5 years. In many cases, your monthly EMI is LESS than what you currently pay for electricity — so you save from day one.
Plain English Definitions

Solar Glossary

Words you'll hear when buying solar — explained without the technical jargon.

kW (Kilowatt)
The "size" of a solar system. A 3 kW system has 3,000 watts of panel capacity. Bigger kW = more panels = more electricity generated.
kWh (Kilowatt-Hour) / Unit
The "unit" on your electricity bill. 1 kWh = running a 1,000W appliance for 1 hour. This is how solar generation and grid consumption are both measured.
Inverter
The brain of your solar system. Converts DC power from panels into AC power your home can use. Also monitors system performance.
Net Metering
The billing arrangement where your electricity board subtracts what you exported to the grid from what you imported — so you only pay the difference.
Monocrystalline Panel
The premium, high-efficiency type of solar panel (black coloured). More efficient per sq ft than polycrystalline. What we recommend for most Mumbai rooftops.
Peak Sun Hours
The number of hours per day when sunlight is strong enough for optimal solar generation. Mumbai averages 4.5–5 peak sun hours — one of India's best figures.
Sanctioned Load
The maximum electricity demand your utility connection allows, shown in kW on your bill. Your solar system size is usually approved up to your sanctioned load.
MNRE
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy — the central government body that approves solar vendors, panels, and administers the PM Surya Ghar subsidy scheme.
MSEDCL
Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd — the government electricity provider for most of Mumbai suburbs and Maharashtra. Handles net metering approvals.
DBT (Direct Benefit Transfer)
How the government sends you the subsidy money — directly to your bank account linked to Aadhaar, within 30 days of system commissioning approval.
Payback Period
How many years it takes for your electricity savings to fully recover your upfront investment. For Mumbai rooftop solar, typically 4–6 years. After that, it's free energy.
AMC (Annual Maintenance Contract)
A service contract with your installer for regular system check-ups, cleaning and repairs. Shashwat Solar offers AMC at ₹3,500/year covering 2 visits.

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